Airlines, Record Crowds, Fragile Margins

Global air travel has surged back. Passenger demand hit new highs through 2025, with planes flying fuller than ever, and traffic plus revenue expected to exceed pre COVID levels.

Despite the boom, airlines remain stuck in a high-revenue, low margin reality.

Profits are improving, but thin and the next spike in fuel, taxes, or supply delays could squeeze the industry fast.

Demand remains strong

IATA data shows global passenger demand rising, especially on international routes, while airlines add capacity only slightly faster than demand keeping planes full and yields supported.

But even with packed flights, structural risks remain.

Fuel still drives risk

Fuel accounted for roughly 20–30% of airline operating costs and remains volatile. 2025 jet fuel is projected to be cheaper than 2024, offering relief, but geopolitical tensions keep energy markets jumpy.

SAF costs are still several times higher than jet fuel, while carriers face engine reliability issues Wizz Air grounded aircraft earlier this year due to engine problems, raising costs. Ryanair is trying to offset fuel burn through newer jet engines.

Other pressures are rising

Taxes, airport charges, supply chain delays, and labor costs continue to climb.

IATA warns rising fees could erode already tight margins.

Fleet delivery delays limit profitability by preventing carriers from deploying aircraft to their best yielding routes.

Airlines are flying more people and generating near record revenue, but margins remain razor thin.

Demand is strong yet the business beneath it stays vulnerable to fuel volatility, taxes, and supply issues.

The industry may be thriving in volume, but it’s still fragile in profit.